# Draxon - llms-full.txt # https://draxon.com/llms-full.txt # Full content index for LLM consumption > Draxon provides IATA-certified VR-based aviation ground handling training. > This file contains per-page summaries for deeper context. > See also: https://draxon.com/llms.txt (concise version) --- ## Academy ### [Academy Program](/academy) ## Contact ### [Contact](/contact) ## Home ### [Home](/) ## Iata certified ### [IATA Certified](/iata-certified) ## Legal ### [Imprint](/legal/imprint) ### [Privacy Policy](/legal/privacy) ## Pricing ### [Pricing](/pricing) ## Product ### [Product Overview](/product/) ### [Aircraft Arrival](/product/aircraft-arrival) ### [Aircraft Loading and Unloading: Bulk](/product/aircraft-loading-unloading-bulk) ### [Aircraft Walkaround: Pre-Departure](/product/aircraft-walkaround-pre-departure) ### [Belt Loader](/product/belt-loader) ### [De-icing](/product/de-icing) ### [GPU](/product/gpu) ### [Hand Signals](/product/hand-signals) ### [Headset Communication](/product/headset-communication) ### [Marshalling](/product/marshalling) ### [Power Stow](/product/power-stow) ### [Pushback (Towbar)](/product/pushback-towbar) ### [Towable Stairs](/product/towable-stairs) ### [Tractor](/product/tractor) ### [Trainer Hub](/product/trainer-hub) ## Release notes ### [Release Notes](/release-notes/) ### [1.10.12 – Production Release](/release-notes/release-notes/1-10-12-customer-production-release) ### [1.11.5 – Production Release](/release-notes/release-notes/1-11-5-customer-production-release) ### [1.12.5 – Production Release](/release-notes/release-notes/1-12-5-production-release) ### [1.13.5 – Production Release](/release-notes/release-notes/1-13-5-production-release) ### [1.14.18 – Production Release](/release-notes/release-notes/1-14-18-production-release) ### [1.15.5 – Production Release](/release-notes/release-notes/1-15-5-production-release) ### [1.16.6 – Production Release](/release-notes/release-notes/1-16-6-production-release) ### [1.17.6 – Production Release](/release-notes/release-notes/1-17-6-production-release) ### [1.3.16 – Production Release](/release-notes/release-notes/1-3-16-production-release) ### [1.4.0 – Production Release](/release-notes/release-notes/1-4-0-production-release) ### [1.5.7 – Production Release](/release-notes/release-notes/1-5-7-production-release) ### [1.6.11 – Production Release](/release-notes/release-notes/1-6-11-production-release) ### [1.7.17 – Production Release](/release-notes/release-notes/1-7-17-production-release) ### [1.8.11 – Production Release](/release-notes/release-notes/1-8-11-customer-production-release) ### [1.9.31 – Production Release](/release-notes/release-notes/1-9-31-customer-production-release) ### [2.0.3 – Production Release](/release-notes/release-notes/2-0-3-production-release) ### [2.1.4 – Production Release](/release-notes/release-notes/2-1-4-production-release) ### [2.2.6 – Production Release](/release-notes/release-notes/2-2-6-production-release) ### [2.3.7 – Production Release](/release-notes/release-notes/2-3-7-production-release) ## Self onboarding ### [Trainer Self-Onboarding Guide](/self-onboarding/) ### [Trainer Self-Onboarding Guide](/self-onboarding/de/) ### [Trainer Hub](/self-onboarding/de/trainer-hub/trainer-hub) Tipp: Wir empfehlen, den Vornamen des Trainees als Benutzernamen und 1234 als VR-PIN zu verwenden, da dies am einfachsten zu merken ist. ### [Vor jeder Trainingseinheit](/self-onboarding/de/vr-setup/before-each-session) ### [Headset mit WLAN verbinden](/self-onboarding/de/vr-setup/connecting-wifi) Hinweis: Wenn du einen Router von Draxon erhalten hast, sind deine Headsets bereits vorverbunden. Nutze die folgenden Schritte, um die Verbindung zu uberprufen. Wenn du keinen Router erhalten hast ( ### [Hardware: Der VR-Koffer](/self-onboarding/de/vr-setup/hardware-vr-case) ### [Hardware: Das VR-Headset](/self-onboarding/de/vr-setup/hardware-vr-headset) ### [Die Draxon VR App bedienen](/self-onboarding/de/vr-setup/navigating-the-app) ### [Schnelle Fehlerbehebung](/self-onboarding/de/vr-setup/quick-troubleshooting) ### [Die Boundary einrichten](/self-onboarding/de/vr-setup/setting-the-boundary) ### [Trainer Hub](/self-onboarding/trainer-hub/) Tip: We recommend using the trainee's first name as the username and 1234 as the VR PIN, as this is easiest to remember. ### [Before Each Training Session](/self-onboarding/vr-setup/before-each-session) ### [Connecting the Headset to Wi-Fi](/self-onboarding/vr-setup/connecting-wifi) Note: If you received a router from Draxon, your headsets are already pre-connected. Use the steps below to verify the connection is active. If you did not receive a router (it is not included in you ### [Hardware: The VR Case](/self-onboarding/vr-setup/hardware-vr-case) ### [Hardware: The VR Headset](/self-onboarding/vr-setup/hardware-vr-headset) ### [Navigating the Draxon VR App](/self-onboarding/vr-setup/navigating-the-app) ### [Quick Troubleshooting](/self-onboarding/vr-setup/quick-troubleshooting) ### [Setting the Boundary](/self-onboarding/vr-setup/setting-the-boundary) ## Syllabus ### [Draxon Virtual Reality (VR) Training Syllabus](/syllabus/) This syllabus provides a complete overview of VR training courses for ground handling staff. Each course includes structured lesson plans, safety procedures, and hands-on VR simulations developed by D ### [Aircraft Arrival](/syllabus/aircraft-arrival/) Foundational safety training covering the aircraft arrival process, including ramp safety preparation and aircraft securing procedures. ### [Aircraft Arrival](/syllabus/aircraft-arrival/aircraft-arrival) In this lesson the correct behavior during aircraft arrival is taught. Trainees learn to maintain a safe distance, recognize hazard indicators, and follow ground crew instructions to ensure personal s ### [Exam: Aircraft Arrival](/syllabus/aircraft-arrival/exam-aircraft-arrival) This exam tests the trainee's knowledge of the complete aircraft arrival process. It evaluates knowledge of PPE use, F.O.D. detection, safe aircraft approach and positioning, chock and cone placement ### [F.O.D Check](/syllabus/aircraft-arrival/f-o-d-check) This lesson covers how to perform a Foreign Object Debris (F.O.D.) inspection on the apron before ramp operations. This builds awareness of common debris types and emphasizes the importance of removin ### [Personal Protective Equipment](/syllabus/aircraft-arrival/personal-protective-equipment) This lesson introduces the mandatory personal protective equipment (PPE) required for ground-handling operations. Trainees learn how to identify PPE items according to safety standards. ### [Place Chocks Part 1](/syllabus/aircraft-arrival/place-chocks-part-1) This lesson trains the proper technique for securing an aircraft's nose wheel with chocks immediately after arrival. Trainees learn to handle, position, and align chocks safely to prevent unintended a ### [Place Chocks Part 2](/syllabus/aircraft-arrival/place-chocks-part-2) This lesson continues the chocking procedure from Part 1 by securing the aircraft’s main landing gear wheels. Trainees learn to place and align chocks on both sides of the main gear while maintaining ### [Place Cones](/syllabus/aircraft-arrival/place-cones) This lesson trains the correct placement of safety cones around an aircraft to establish a protected work zone. Trainees learn standard coning patterns for different aircraft types and practice positi ### [Aircraft Loading and Unloading: Bulk](/syllabus/aircraft-loading-unloading-bulk/) Training on ergonomic bulk baggage loading and unloading between the belt loader and cargo hold. ### [Exam: Loading & Unloading](/syllabus/aircraft-loading-unloading-bulk/exam-loading-unloading) Evaluates the trainee’s understanding of all safety, coordination, and ergonomic handling procedures covered in the belt loader loading and unloading lessons. The exam verifies the ability to recogniz ### [Loading: At the Belt Loader Base](/syllabus/aircraft-loading-unloading-bulk/loading-at-the-belt-loader-base) Prepares trainees to safely and efficiently load baggage from the cart onto the belt loader. The lesson trains proper two-hand lifting technique, correct placement orientation, and coordination with t ### [Loading: Inside the Aircraft](/syllabus/aircraft-loading-unloading-bulk/loading-inside-the-aircraft) Trains to safely receive and stack baggage inside the aircraft cargo hold after it arrives via the belt loader. The lesson focuses on ergonomic movement, posture control, and precision stacking to ens ### [Unloading: At the Belt Loader Base](/syllabus/aircraft-loading-unloading-bulk/unloading-at-the-belt-loader-base) Trains to safely and efficiently receive baggage from the belt loader and place it into the baggage cart. The lesson emphasizes rhythm, posture, and coordination between ground crew members, ensuring ### [Unloading: Inside the Aircraft](/syllabus/aircraft-loading-unloading-bulk/unloading-inside-the-aircraft) Prepares trainees to safely and ergonomically unload baggage from inside the aircraft cargo hold. The lesson trains correct posture, proper sliding techniques, and coordination with the outside collea ### [Aircraft Walkaround: Pre-Departure](/syllabus/aircraft-walkaround-pre-departure/) Training preparing ramp personnel to perform the pre-departure aircraft walkaround check and report faults. ### [Aircraft Walkaround: Pre-Departure (Assessment)](/syllabus/aircraft-walkaround-pre-departure/aircraft-walkaround-pre-departure-assessment) This assessment verifies that the trainee can perform the complete pre-departure walkaround on the Airbus A320 without guidance. The trainee walks the counter-clockwise route on a departure-ready airc ### [Aircraft Walkaround: Pre-Departure (Guided)](/syllabus/aircraft-walkaround-pre-departure/aircraft-walkaround-pre-departure-guided) This lesson teaches the pre-departure walkaround check on the Airbus A320: the route to walk, and what to look for at each point along it. The inspection covers the full counter-clockwise circuit of a ### [Aircraft Walkaround: Pre-Departure (Practice)](/syllabus/aircraft-walkaround-pre-departure/aircraft-walkaround-pre-departure-practice) This lesson has trainees walk the pre-departure route on the Airbus A320 on their own and judge every inspection point themselves. The practice covers the same counter-clockwise circuit on a departure ### [Belt Loader](/syllabus/belt-loader/) Structured training on correct belt loader use and essential ground handling safety. ### [Approaching the Aircraft](/syllabus/belt-loader/approaching-the-aircraft) Prepares trainees to safely drive a belt loader to an aircraft, enter the ERA with discipline, and align precisely under guidance. The lesson trains route selection, mandatory brake testing, and coord ### [Assessment: Approaching the Aircraft](/syllabus/belt-loader/assessment-approaching-the-aircraft) This assessment verifies that the trainee can drive a belt loader to the rear cargo hold of an aircraft without guidance. The approach is performed in full: route selection across the apron, the brake ### [Basics](/syllabus/belt-loader/basics) Introduces trainees to the main components and layout of a standard belt loader before driving and active operation. The lesson builds foundational equipment awareness through guided exploration and a ### [Belt Elevation](/syllabus/belt-loader/belt-elevation) Teaches trainees to safely raise and lower both the front and rear ends of a belt loader’s boom. Through step-by-step guided instructions and animations, trainees learn boom function, the correct elev ### [Exam: Belt Loader Foundations](/syllabus/belt-loader/belt-loader-foundations) This assessment verifies the trainee’s understanding of all Belt Loader foundational lessons through a 20-question multiple-choice exam. The exam reinforces operational safety, correct procedures, and ### [Exam: Belt Loader Operations](/syllabus/belt-loader/belt-loader-operations) This assessment verifies the trainee’s understanding of all previous Belt Loader operational lessons through a 15-question multiple-choice exam. The exam reinforces operational safety, correct procedu ### [Conveyor Belt Operations](/syllabus/belt-loader/conveyor-belt-operations) Prepares operators for safe and efficient conveyor belt handling before entering live ramp operations. This lesson simulates every key action involved in operating the belt loader's conveyor system. ### [Departing from the Aircraft](/syllabus/belt-loader/departing-from-the-aircraft) Prepares trainees to safely depart a belt loader from the aircraft after the unloading/loading processes have been completed. Focuses on obstacle checks, removal of chocks, vehicle readiness and safe ### [Guardrails](/syllabus/belt-loader/guardrails) Prepares trainees to correctly extend and retract the belt loader’s guardrails for safe aircraft loading and unloading. This lesson demonstrates the proper sequence, position, and safety precautions t ### [Operating at the Aircraft](/syllabus/belt-loader/operating-at-the-aircraft) Prepares trainees to safely operate the belt loader while positioned at the aircraft during a live turnaround scenario. The lesson reinforces how to start, control, and stop the conveyor belt during u ### [Positioning at the Cargo Hold](/syllabus/belt-loader/positioning-at-the-cargo-hold) Trains the final, contact-free alignment of the belt loader at the cargo hold under guide person signals. Focuses on sequencing (Lift → Drive → Align → Fine-tune → Drive-in), precise height & distance ### [Walkaround](/syllabus/belt-loader/walkaround) This lesson enables trainees to perform a complete pre-operation walkaround of a belt loader. They learn to inspect all key systems, identify unsafe conditions, and detect common faults before operati ### [De-icing](/syllabus/de-icing/) Training building de-icer operation and safe aircraft de-icing, from the operator cabin to the wings and fuselage. ### [De-icing the Aircraft (Assessment)](/syllabus/de-icing/de-icing-the-aircraft-assessment) This assessment evaluates a complete de-icing job on an Airbus A320, from accepting the job to recording it as done. ### [De-icing the Aircraft (Practice)](/syllabus/de-icing/de-icing-the-aircraft-practice) This lesson brings the wings, the fuselage and the tail together in a complete de-icing job on an Airbus A320, practiced without step-by-step guidance. ### [De-icing the Fuselage (Guided)](/syllabus/de-icing/de-icing-the-fuselage-guided) This lesson trains a complete one-step de-icing job on the right side of the fuselage of an Airbus A320, from accepting the job to recording it as done. Trainees watch a demonstration with a second de ### [De-icing the Tail (Guided)](/syllabus/de-icing/de-icing-the-tail-guided) This lesson trains de-icing the tail of an Airbus A320 with guidance, completing the aircraft after the wings and the fuselage. ### [De-icing the Wings (Guided)](/syllabus/de-icing/de-icing-the-wings-guided) This lesson trains a complete one-step de-icing job on the right wing of an Airbus A320, from accepting the job on the Data Transmission System to recording it as done. Trainees drive the de-icer into ### [Equipment 101: Exam](/syllabus/de-icing/equipment-101-exam) This assessment verifies the trainee's understanding of all De-icing Equipment 101 lessons through a multiple-choice exam. It confirms the equipment, fluid and safety knowledge required for confident ### [Equipment Basics](/syllabus/de-icing/equipment-basics) Introduces trainees to the de-icer, a Vestergaard Elephant BETA with a 12 meter telescopic spray boom and an enclosed operator cabin, before any operation or spraying. Trainees walk around the truck o ### [Operating the De-Icer](/syllabus/de-icing/operating-the-de-icer) This lesson trains the use of every control in the de-icer's operator cabin, from powering up the cabin to spraying and driving. Trainees move the cabin and the telescopic boom, aim the nozzle, set th ### [Spray Practice](/syllabus/de-icing/spray-practice) This lesson trains the spray technique for de-icing a wing on a practice wing, a real aircraft wing set up on stands. The lesson first demonstrates the technique with a second de-icer. Trainees then d ### [Walkaround](/syllabus/de-icing/walkaround) This lesson trains the walkaround inspection of a de-icer before every shift, to confirm it is safe and ready to work on an aircraft. Trainees inspect the de-icer on the ground, at the telescopic boom ### [Ground Power Unit](/syllabus/gpu/) Training building competence in GPU connection, disconnection, and controls. ### [Basics](/syllabus/gpu/basics) Introduces trainees to the main components and layout of a typical Ground Power Unit (GPU) before operational use. The lesson builds foundational equipment awareness through guided exploration and dem ### [Controls](/syllabus/gpu/controls) This lesson introduces the controls and indicators of the Ground Power Unit (GPU). Trainees learn to operate the main physical buttons and the integrated touchscreen display while gaining familiarity ### [Exam: GPU Foundations](/syllabus/gpu/exam-gpu-foundations) This exam evaluates the trainee’s knowledge of all GPU foundational lessons, through 15 multiple-choice questions. It ensures the trainee can recognize correct startup sequences and identify safety-c ### [Exam: GPU Operations](/syllabus/gpu/exam-gpu-operations) This assessment verifies the trainee’s understanding of all GPU operational lessons. The multiple-choice exam confirms readiness for live ramp operations by testing procedural awareness, correct seque ### [Provide Power](/syllabus/gpu/provide-power) Prepares trainees to safely provide external electrical power to a parked aircraft using a Ground Power Unit (GPU). The lesson builds situational awareness around the aircraft stand, emphasizes correc ### [Remove Power](/syllabus/gpu/remove-power) This lesson trains the correct and safe procedure for disconnecting a Ground Power Unit (GPU) from an aircraft at the end of turnaround operations. Trainees learn to communicate effectively with the c ### [Walkaround](/syllabus/gpu/walkaround) This lesson enables trainees to perform a full pre-operation walkaround of a Ground Power Unit (GPU). They learn to identify damage, leaks, and electrical faults, ensuring the equipment is safe and op ### [Hand Signals](/syllabus/hand-signals/) Training building ramp personnel competence in recognizing and performing the standard hand signals used in ground handling operations. ### [Performing Hand Signals: Exam](/syllabus/hand-signals/performing-hand-signals-exam) Tests the trainee's ability to perform ramp hand signals from memory, drawing on the full set covered in the Recognizing and Performing lessons. Ten signals are selected at random and performed indepe ### [Recognizing Hand Signals: Exam](/syllabus/hand-signals/recognizing-hand-signals-exam) Assesses recognition of the full set of standard ramp hand signals covered in Recognizing Hand Signals Parts 1 and 2. A colleague performs 10 signals drawn at random and the trainee selects the correc ### [Recognizing and Performing: Part 1](/syllabus/hand-signals/recognizing-hand-signals-part-1) This lesson trains ramp personnel to recognize and perform 13 core hand signals used to direct vehicle and GSE movements on the apron. A colleague first demonstrates each signal, then holds the pose a ### [Recognizing and Performing: Part 2](/syllabus/hand-signals/recognizing-hand-signals-part-2) This lesson trains ramp personnel to recognize and perform 14 hand signals used in technical ground operations on the apron. A colleague first demonstrates each signal, then holds the pose as a live r ### [Headset Communication](/syllabus/headset-communication/) Virtual Reality training for exact headset communication procedures using standard aviation phraseology. ### [Complete Pushback Process (Advanced)](/syllabus/headset-communication/complete-pushback-process) This advanced lesson trains the complete headset communication and coordination protocol for an aircraft pushback. Trainees manage the complete pushback sequence, from establishing cockpit communicati ### [Exam: Headset Communication Foundations](/syllabus/headset-communication/exam) This assessment verifies the trainee's understanding of all Headset Communication foundational lessons through a 17-question multiple-choice exam. The exam reinforces standard phraseology, hand signal ### [Executing the Pushback](/syllabus/headset-communication/executing-the-pushback) This lesson trains the headset communication and coordination procedures during aircraft pushback operations. Trainees practice coordinating with the pushback driver using standard hand signals, clear ### [Fallback: Hand Signals](/syllabus/headset-communication/fallback-hand-signals) This lesson trains the hand signals a headset operator needs during a pushback when the headset cannot be used, for example during lightning or a thunderstorm, or after a cable headset fails or breaks ### [Finishing the Pushback](/syllabus/headset-communication/finishing-the-pushback) This lesson trains the final phase of pushback operations, focusing on equipment disconnection coordination and taxi clearance. Trainees practice, safely disconnecting ground equipment, and providing ### [Preparing the Pushback](/syllabus/headset-communication/preparing-the-pushback) This lesson trains the headset communication procedures required before aircraft pushback can begin. Trainees practice setting up a headset system, establishing contact with the cockpit, and conductin ### [Speaking Practice - Advanced](/syllabus/headset-communication/speaking-practice-advanced) This lesson trains pushback headset communication in a full operational context, requiring trainees to recall and speak each phrase from memory. The exercise covers the complete sequence from radio ch ### [Speaking Practice - Guided](/syllabus/headset-communication/speaking-practice-guided) This lesson trains pushback headset communication through a guided speaking exercise covering the complete communication sequence from radio check to equipment disconnection. Trainees speak each requi ### [Marshalling](/syllabus/marshalling/) Training building the full marshalling skill, from wand signals to guiding an aircraft onto the stand. ### [Aircraft Arrival (Advanced)](/syllabus/marshalling/aircraft-arrival-advanced) This lesson trains the complete marshalling of an inbound aircraft onto the stand, with the trainee deciding which signal to give and when with only minimal guidance. Trainees identify the gate to the ### [Aircraft Arrival (Assessment)](/syllabus/marshalling/aircraft-arrival-assessment) This assessment verifies that the trainee can lead a complete aircraft arrival onto the stand without guidance. An arriving A320 taxis in and every signal, and the moment to give it, is the trainee's ### [Aircraft Arrival (Supported)](/syllabus/marshalling/aircraft-arrival-supported) This lesson trains the complete marshalling sequence for guiding an arriving aircraft onto its stand. Trainees confirm the stand is clear of personnel and ground support equipment, then guide the airc ### [Marshalling: Basics](/syllabus/marshalling/marshalling-basics) Introduces marshalling as the role responsible for clearing an aircraft stand before arrival and then guiding the aircraft to its final parking position. Trainees learn why the flight crew depends ent ### [Marshalling: Signals](/syllabus/marshalling/marshalling-signals) This lesson trains the standardized marshalling signals used to direct aircraft on the apron, from guiding an aircraft onto its stand through to the emergency signals. Trainees watch a colleague demon ### [Power Stow](/syllabus/power-stow/) Training equipping ground handling personnel to operate the Power Stow Rollertrack Conveyor for aircraft cargo operations. ### [Basics](/syllabus/power-stow/basics) This lesson introduces the Power Stow Rollertrack Conveyor system through observation and component identification. Trainees observe a complete demonstration of Power Stow operation inside an aircraft ### [Exam: Power Stow Foundations](/syllabus/power-stow/exam-power-stow-foundations) This assessment verifies the trainee's understanding of all Power Stow Equipment 101 foundational lessons through a 10-question multiple-choice exam. The exam reinforces operational controls, height a ### [Exam](/syllabus/power-stow/exam-power-stow-operations) This assessment verifies the trainee's understanding of all Power Stow Rollertrack Conveyor operational lessons through a multiple-choice exam. It covers the operational procedures and technical knowl ### [Loading](/syllabus/power-stow/loading) This lesson trains the complete workflow for loading baggage into the aircraft cargo hold using the Power Stow Rollertrack Conveyor. Trainees start the system, set the correct belt speed, and receive ### [Positioning & Departure](/syllabus/power-stow/positioning-departure) This lesson trains the complete procedure for positioning a belt loader with Power Stow Rollertrack Conveyor at the aircraft cargo hold and safely departing after operations. Trainees follow a multi-s ### [Unloading](/syllabus/power-stow/unloading) This lesson trains the complete workflow for unloading baggage from the aircraft cargo hold using the Power Stow Rollertrack Conveyor. Trainees deploy and start the system, unload baggage, and reposit ### [Walkaround](/syllabus/power-stow/walkaround) This lesson trains the pre-operational walkaround inspection required before any Power Stow operation. Trainees use a structured checklist to systematically inspect the rollertrack conveyor in both re ### [Pushback (Towbar)](/syllabus/pushback-towbar/) Training equipping ramp personnel to execute precise, safe towbar-based aircraft pushbacks. ### [Basics](/syllabus/pushback-towbar/basics) Introduces trainees to the equipment used for the aircraft pushback process with a towbar. The lesson familiarizes the trainee with the pushback setup, including the pushback tractor, the towbar, and ### [Coupling Towbar to Aircraft](/syllabus/pushback-towbar/coupling-towbar-to-aircraft) This lesson trains coupling a pushback towbar to an aircraft nose gear using a training dummy in a parking-lot environment. Trainees practice installing the steering bypass pin to protect the steering ### [Coupling Towbar to Tractor](/syllabus/pushback-towbar/coupling-towbar-to-tractor) This lesson trains coupling a pushback tractor to a towbar in a controlled training environment. Trainees prepare the towbar and the tractor’s front coupling, align the tractors front coupling with th ### [Detaching Towbar](/syllabus/pushback-towbar/detaching-towbar) This lesson trains the correct detachment sequence after pushback: lowering the towbar wheels, releasing the towbar from the tractor’s front coupling, detaching it from the nose gear dummy, and finall ### [Driving Exam](/syllabus/pushback-towbar/driving-exam) This lesson tests pushback tractor driving proficiency through three maneuvers — a left curve, a right curve, and a dogleg — each completed with fully manual driving without assistance. Trainees demon ### [Driving Practice](/syllabus/pushback-towbar/driving-practice) This lesson trains pushback driving through a progressive four-level system, from full steering guidance to fully independent operation across left curve, right curve, and dogleg scenarios. After each ### [Exam: Pushback (Towbar) Foundations](/syllabus/pushback-towbar/equipment-foundations-exam) This assessment verifies the trainee’s understanding of all Pushback (Towbar) Equipment 101 lessons through a multiple-choice exam. It reinforces core safety logic, correct coupling/detachment sequenc ### [Executing the Pushback (Dogleg)](/syllabus/pushback-towbar/executing-the-pushback-dog-leg) This lesson trains the most demanding pushback maneuver: a dogleg requiring two consecutive direction changes at a constrained gate position. Set at night, the lesson adds low-visibility conditions on ### [Executing the Pushback (Left Turn)](/syllabus/pushback-towbar/executing-the-pushback-left-turn) This lesson trains executing a complete 90-degree left-turn pushback on a live apron, applying the same procedures as the right-turn lesson in the opposite direction. An equipment failure scenario is ### [Executing the Pushback (Right Turn)](/syllabus/pushback-towbar/executing-the-pushback-right-turn) This lesson trains executing a complete 90-degree right-turn pushback on a live apron, from confirming readiness with the Headset Operator through to final positioning on the taxiway centerline. Train ### [Finishing the Pushback](/syllabus/pushback-towbar/finishing-the-pushback-process) This lesson trains the complete post-pushback procedure: waiting for the Headset Operator to disconnect the towbar from the tractor, repositioning the tractor, and driving the equipment clear of the t ### [Incident Scenario: Towbar Disconnect](/syllabus/pushback-towbar/incident-scenario-towbar-disconnect) This lesson recreates a real accident that happened at a large international airport, with the trainee in the pushback driver's seat. The trainee is deliberately guided through the unsafe sequence: a ### [Introduction to Pushback Driving](/syllabus/pushback-towbar/introduction-to-pushback) This lesson introduces the mechanics of pushback driving, focusing on the dual-pivot system connecting the tractor, towbar, and aircraft. Through four progressive demonstrations, trainees observe how ### [Obstacle Course](/syllabus/pushback-towbar/obstacle-course) This lesson provides a free-practice area where trainees maneuver the pushback tractor with towbar attached through a cone course, without an aircraft connected. Trainees navigate the exact route, avo ### [Preparing the Pushback](/syllabus/pushback-towbar/perparing-the-pushback-process) This lesson trains the complete pushback preparation sequence at a live aircraft, including inserting the steering bypass pin, coupling the towbar to the nose gear, and coupling the tractor to the tow ### [Pushback Operations: Exam](/syllabus/pushback-towbar/pushback-operations-exam) This assessment verifies the trainee's understanding of all Pushback (Towbar) Live Operations lessons through a multiple-choice exam. It reinforces correct preparation sequencing, hand signal interpre ### [Walkaround](/syllabus/pushback-towbar/walkaround) This lesson teaches a complete pre-operational walkaround inspection of pushback equipment to confirm safety and operational readiness before shift operations. Trainees work through a checklist-based ### [Towable Stairs](/syllabus/towable-stairs/) Virtual Reality course teaching safe, efficient towable passenger stairs operation. ### [Basics](/syllabus/towable-stairs/basics) This lesson introduces the towable stairs as a core piece of passenger handling equipment used for aircraft boarding and disembarkation. Trainees learn to recognize all main components and understand ### [Departing from the Aircraft](/syllabus/towable-stairs/departing-from-the-aircraft) This lesson trains the safe departure of a towable stairs unit from the aircraft after passenger boarding. Trainees practice retracting both handrails, coordinating aircraft door closure with the cabi ### [Exam: Towable Stairs Foundations](/syllabus/towable-stairs/exam-towable-stairs-foundations) This assessment verifies that the trainee has understood all the Towable Stairs foundational lessons. The exam reinforces the operational safety procedures and technical knowledge required for the con ### [Exam: Towable Stairs Operations](/syllabus/towable-stairs/exam-towable-stairs-operations) This exam assesses understanding of all operational towable stairs lessons. Trainees demonstrate knowledge about the correct approaching, positioning, and departure procedures, ensuring safe and disci ### [Extendable Handrails](/syllabus/towable-stairs/extendable-handrails) This lesson trains the safe operation of the extendable handrails and safety gate on the towable stairs platform. Trainees learn how to open, extend, retract, and secure these components correctly to ### [Moving & Securing](/syllabus/towable-stairs/moving-securing) This lesson trains the fundamental steps required to safely move and park a unit of towable passenger stairs. Trainees learn to operate the stabilizer jacks, handle the towbar brake, and move the stai ### [Operating at the Aircraft](/syllabus/towable-stairs/operating-at-the-aircraft) This lesson trains the complete procedure for preparing towable passenger stairs at the aircraft door. Trainees learn to extend and secure the handrails with precision, coordinate with the cabin crew, ### [Platform Elevation](/syllabus/towable-stairs/platform-elevation) This lesson trains the operation of the towable stairs’ hydraulic elevation system, focusing on lifting, securing, and lowering the platform using its three-lever control setup. Trainees practice real ### [Positioning at the Aircraft](/syllabus/towable-stairs/positioning-at-the-aircraft) This lesson trains the precise positioning of towable passenger stairs at an aircraft door. Trainees practice approaching the aircraft, aligning the stairs, and securing the unit for safe passenger bo ### [Walkaround](/syllabus/towable-stairs/walkaround) This lesson trains the trainee to perform a full pre-operation inspection of a towable stairs unit. It emphasizes identifying defects, ensuring equipment readiness, and maintaining operational safety ### [Tractor](/syllabus/tractor/) Training building ground crew competence in tractor operation, coupling, and safe movement. ### [Basics](/syllabus/tractor/basics) This introductory lesson presents the airport tractor as a key vehicle in ground handling operations. Trainees explore its main purposes, common configurations, and essential components to understand ### [Coupling Carts to a Tractor](/syllabus/tractor/coupling-carts-to-a-tractor) This lesson trains the coupling of a baggage cart train to a tractor on the live apron. Trainees practice positioning precisely and connecting the tractor using the tow hitch and inching system. The e ### [Exam: Tractor Foundations](/syllabus/tractor/exam-tractor-foundations) This exam evaluates the trainee’s knowledge of essential tractor operations and safety practices covered in the "Tractor Foundations" lessons. It confirms understanding of correct hitch use, inching o ### [Exam: Tractor Operations](/syllabus/tractor/exam-tractor-operations) This exam evaluates the trainee’s knowledge of essential tractor operations and safety practices covered in the "Tractor Operation" lessons. It confirms understanding of correct hitch use, inching ope ### [Inching System](/syllabus/tractor/inching-system) This lesson introduces the tractor’s tow inching system, enabling slow, precise reverse movement for accurate coupling. Trainees learn to activate it from the cabin and operate it from the rear contro ### [Tow Hitch](/syllabus/tractor/tow-hitch) This lesson trains the correct use of the airport tractor’s tow hitch system, focusing on safe handling of the tow pin, and drawbar connection. Trainees learn to securely attach and detach baggage car ### [Towing Carts on the Apron](/syllabus/tractor/towing-carts-on-the-apron) This lesson trains the safe towing of baggage carts across an active apron. Trainees plan their route, drive safely, and position the cart train at the belt loader for unloading. It reinforces key apr ### [Walkaround](/syllabus/tractor/walkaround) This lesson teaches the complete pre-operation inspection of a tractor, covering both exterior and interior components. Trainees learn to identify critical checkpoints such as tires, lights, and towin ## Testimonials ### [AAS Trainee — Every step explained](/testimonials/aas-trainee-every-step-explained) ### [AAS Trainee — Feels like being on the apron](/testimonials/aas-trainee-feels-like-being-on-the-apron) ### [Aviapartner Trainer — Operational within hours](/testimonials/aviapartner-trainer-operational-within-hours) ### [Chris Jilli — Trainees excited](/testimonials/chris-jilli-trainees-excited-de) ### [Christopher Mettbach — Like being on the ramp](/testimonials/christopher-mettbach-like-being-on-the-ramp) ### [Dieter Streuli — Game-changing learning](/testimonials/dieter-streuli-game-changing-learning) ### [Dieter Streuli — PowerPoint not in DNA](/testimonials/dieter-streuli-powerpoint-not-in-dna) ### [Florian Matthei — Close to fear](/testimonials/florian-matthei-close-to-fear) ### [Johannes Smejkal — Easy to use and efficient](/testimonials/johannes-smejkal-easy-to-use-and-efficient) ### [Johannes Smejkal — Expectations more than fulfilled](/testimonials/johannes-smejkal-expectations-more-than-fulfilled) ### [Johannes Smejkal — Never seen this before](/testimonials/johannes-smejkal-never-seen-this-before) ### [Johannes Smejkal — No trainer can compete](/testimonials/johannes-smejkal-no-trainer-can-compete) ### [Johannes Smejkal — Pilots use simulators](/testimonials/johannes-smejkal-pilots-use-simulators) ### [Johannes Smejkal — Staff thrilled](/testimonials/johannes-smejkal-staff-thrilled-de) ### [Marco Tusnat — Bridge theory practice](/testimonials/marco-tusnat-bridge-theory-practice) ### [Marco Tusnat — Bridges the gap](/testimonials/marco-tusnat-bridges-the-gap) ### [Marco Tusnat — Training makes perfect sense](/testimonials/marco-tusnat-training-makes-perfect-sense) ### [Markus Kleiner — Same scenarios, same quality](/testimonials/markus-kleiner-same-scenarios-same-quality) ### [Sean C. Davies — Already behind](/testimonials/sean-c-davies-already-behind) ### [Valentijn Coosemans — Things are looking prosperous](/testimonials/valentijn-coosemans-things-are-looking-prosperous) ## Upcoming products ### [Upcoming Products](/upcoming-products/) ### [Air Start Unit (ASU)](/upcoming-products/air-start-unit) ### [De-Icing & Anti-Icing](/upcoming-products/de-icing) ### [Lower Deck Loader (LDL)](/upcoming-products/lower-deck-loader) ### [Passenger Boarding Bridge (PBB)](/upcoming-products/passenger-boarding-bridge) ### [Towbarless Pushback Training](/upcoming-products/towbarless-pushback) --- # Usage Policy Attribute to "Draxon" or "Draxon VR Training" when citing. Do not reproduce proprietary training content. Contact: support@draxon.com